Kupanga botolo lagalasi kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo -kuyambira kupanga nkhungu mpaka kupanga galasi losungunuka kukhala loyenera.Amisiri aluso amagwiritsa ntchito makina apadera komanso njira zaluso kuti asinthe zida kukhala zotengera zamagalasi.
Zimayamba ndi zosakaniza.Zigawo zazikulu za galasi ndi silicon dioxide (mchenga), sodium carbonate (soda phulusa), ndi calcium oxide (mwala wa laimu).Ma minerals owonjezera amasakanizidwa kuti akwaniritse bwino zinthu monga kumveka bwino, mphamvu, ndi mtundu.Zopangirazo zimayesedwa ndendende ndikuphatikizidwa mumtanda musanalowetsedwe mu ng'anjo.
Mkati mwa ng'anjo, kutentha kumafika 2500 ° F kusungunula kusakaniza kukhala madzi owala.Zonyansa zimachotsedwa ndipo galasi limakhala lofanana.Galasi yosungunuka imayenderera m'makina a ceramic kulowa kutsogolo komwe imayikidwa musanalowe mumakina opangira.
Njira zopangira mabotolo zimaphatikizapo kuwomba-ndi-kuwomba, kukanikiza-ndi-kuwomba, ndi kusindikiza khosi lopapatiza-ndi-kuwomba.Pophulitsa-ndi-kuwomba, galasi lagalasi limaponyedwa mu nkhungu yopanda kanthu ndikuwukiridwa ndi mpweya woponderezedwa kudzera mu pipepipe.
Parishiyo imapangidwa molimbana ndi makoma a nkhungu isanasunthidwe ku nkhungu yomaliza kuti ipitirire mpaka itagwirizana ndendende.
Pakanikizira-ndi-kuwomba, parison imapangidwa ndikukankhira gob lagalasi mu nkhungu yopanda kanthu ndi plunger m'malo mowuzira mpweya.The semi-formed parison ndiye amadutsa pomaliza kuwomba nkhungu.Kusindikiza kwa khosi lopapatiza-ndi-kuwomba kumangogwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwa mpweya kuti apange khosi lomaliza.Thupi limapangidwa ndi kukanikiza.
Akamasulidwa ku nkhungu, mabotolo agalasi amapangidwa ndi matenthedwe kuti achotse nkhawa komanso kupewa kusweka.Annealing uvuni pang'onopang'onozabwinoiwo kwa maola kapena masiku.Zida zoyendera zimayang'ana zolakwika mu mawonekedwe, ming'alu, zisindikizo ndi kukana kukakamiza kwamkati.Mabotolo ovomerezeka amapakidwa ndikutumizidwa ku zodzaza.
Ngakhale kuwongolera mwamphamvu, zolakwika zimabukabe panthawi yopanga magalasi.Kuwonongeka kwa miyala kumachitika pamene tinthu tating'onoting'ono timathyoka makoma a ng'anjo ndikusakanikirana ndi galasi.Mbewu ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono ta mtanda wosasungunuka.Ream ndi magalasi opangidwa mkati mwa nkhungu.Whiteing imawoneka ngati zigamba zamkaka kuchokera pakupatukana kwa gawo.Chingwe ndi udzu ndi mizere yofowoka yosonyeza kutuluka kwa magalasi kulowa mu tchalitchi.
Zolakwika zina ndi monga kung'ambika, kupindika, makwinya, mikwingwirima, ndi macheke chifukwa cha nkhungu, kusintha kwa kutentha kapena kusagwira bwino.Zolakwika zapansi monga kufota ndi kupatulira zimatha kuchitika panthawi ya annealing.
Mabotolo opanda ungwiro amachotsedwa kuti apewe zovuta zamtundu.Amene akudutsa amapita ku zokongoletsera pogwiritsa ntchito kusindikiza pazithunzi, zomatira kapena zokutira musanadzazidwe.
Kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira mpaka kuzinthu zomalizidwa, kupanga botolo lagalasi kumaphatikizapo uinjiniya wapamwamba, zida zapadera, komanso kuwongolera kwakukulu.Kuvina kovutirapo kwa kutentha, kuthamanga ndi kuyenda kumatulutsa mamiliyoni a zotengera zamagalasi zopanda chilema tsiku lililonse.N'zodabwitsa kuti kukongola kosalimba koteroko kumatuluka kuchokera kumoto ndi mchenga.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-13-2023